This review explores the burgeoning field of smart materials for controlled drug delivery. It emphasizes the importance of these materials in achieving precise and targeted release profiles, offering a critical analysis of the current research landscape. The fundamental concepts of controlled drug release are introduced, highlighting the vital role smart materials play. Specific materials like hydrogels, liposomes, nanoparticles, and polymers are explored in detail, focusing on their properties and functionalities that make them ideal for drug delivery applications. The review delves into various stimuli-responsive release mechanisms, including temperature-triggered, pH-responsive, enzyme-sensitive, and externallytriggered modalities. Recent advancements and breakthroughs in the field are presented, providing a snapshot of the cutting-edge applications of smart materials in targeted therapy, chronic disease management, and cancer treatment. The review acknowledges the challenges associated with smart material use but proposes potential solutions for further optimization. Finally, it analyzes future directions and emerging trends, emphasizing the transformative potential of smart materials in revolutionizing drug delivery technology. This comprehensive overview serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in drug delivery and materials science, propelling the development of novel controlled drug release systems.