Ocular drug delivery systems represent a critical frontier in the treatment of various eye conditions, aiming to address challenges related to drug bioavailability, patient compliance, and sustained release. This comprehensive review examines recent advancements in ocular drug delivery technologies, encompassing both conventional and novel systems, with a particular focus on emerging strategies such as nanoparticles, liposomes, in-situ gels, contact lenses, and implants. The review also explores the unique anatomical and physiological features of the eye that pose challenges to effective drug delivery. The introduction sets the stage by emphasising the significance of ocular drug delivery in managing eye diseases, acknowledging the difficulties posed by the complex ocular environment. Traditional methods, including eye drops, ointments, and gels, are discussed in the section on conventional ocular drug delivery systems, highlighting their limitations, such as poor bioavailability and short residence time. The subsequent section on advanced ocular drug delivery technologies delves into cutting-edge approaches. Nanoparticles and liposomes are explored for their ability to enhance drug solubility, stability, and sustained release. In-situ gels are investigated as systems that transform from liquid to gel upon administration, prolonging drug retention on the ocular surface. Contact lenses are examined as potential drug delivery devices, providing a non-invasive means of achieving sustained release. Implants and inserts are reviewed for their promise in offering controlled drug release over extended periods.