Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a plant known for its healing properties, owes much of its benefits to its active ingredient, curcumin. This ingredient has many health benefits, including reducing inflammation, fighting oxidation, and acting against bacteria and cancer. It also helps protect the brain. Curcumin works by targeting different molecules in the body, such as cytokines and enzymes, to create these effects. However, one challenge is that curcumin is not easily absorbed by the body, so scientists are exploring ways to improve its absorption, such as using nanoparticles. This review also looks at current clinical studies, the potential of turmeric in modern treatments, and its traditional uses. In Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi medicine, People have been using turmeric for many years to help with different conditions. This root, especially the rhizome, is the most commonly used part of the plant. Its prepared in different ways, like with warm water, and is used for conditions like asthma and coughing. In Ayurveda medicine, turmeric is considered a rasayana plant, meaning it can help slow down aging. This review aims to give a full picture of turmerics medicinal value and inspire further research.