Diuretics are a class of drugs that encourage the body to excrete more water and electrolytes by increasing the production of urine. They are frequently used to treat ailments like oedema, heart failure, hypertension, and several kidney problems. Diuretics function by concentrating on various kidney regions, mainly influencing the reabsorption of sodium, which causes water loss. With different modes of action and therapeutic uses, diuretics come in a variety of forms, such as potassium sparing diuretics, thiazides, and loop diuretics. Diuretics are beneficial, but they can have negative effects as well, like electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and kidney failure in certain circumstances. For this reason, careful monitoring is required while taking diuretics. They are essential in the management of cardiovascular and renal diseases because of their function in controlling blood pressure and fluid balance.