Objective: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cultivation, post-harvest technology, and good agricultural practices (GAP) for medicinal and aromatic plants. Methods: Emphasizing sustainable practices, it covers aspects such as site selection, soil preparation, harvesting techniques, post-harvest handling, storage, and regulatory compliance. The importance of ethical considerations, community engagement, and the economic impact of medicinal plants is highlighted. Result: Additionally, the review explores the conservation of medicinal plants through in-situ and ex-situ methods, habitat preservation, biodiversity conservation, and cultivation. It emphasizes the role of legislation, community involvement, and education in successful conservation efforts. A separate section delves into the economic contributions of medicinal plants, ranging from pharmaceuticals to tourism. Conclusion:The multifaceted impact on national economies, employment, and biodiversity underscores the need for a balanced approach to harnessing the benefits of medicinal plants. In conclusion, the integration of sustainable cultivation practices, conservation efforts, and economic considerations offers a holistic framework for the responsible use and preservation of medicinal plants.