Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of PD, beginning with its historical evolution from James Parkinson seminal 1817 essay to contemporary research milestones, including significant discoveries related to dopamine and Lewy bodies. Epidemiologically, the global prevalence and incidence rates exhibit regional variations, with age and gender disparities influencing PD susceptibility. Genetic mutations, environmental toxins, and other risk factors further contribute to the disease multifaceted etiology. Pathophysiological, dopamine depletion, alphasynucle in aggregation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress mechanisms underlie PD progression. Clinically, motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity, along with nonmotor manifestations like cognitive impairment and mood disorders, manifest heterogeneously across disease stages. Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, diagnostic tools, imaging studies, and emerging biomarkers. Management encompasses pharmacological interventions, surgical options, non-pharmacological therapies, and innovative treatments in ongoing clinical trials. Despite advancements, PD complications, comorbidities, and their impact on quality of life necessitate continuous research for effective therapies and personalized care strategies.