This condition presents in various forms, such as gastric, duodenal, esophageal, and stress ulcers, each with distinct symptoms and underlying causes. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy and testing for H. pylori. Treatments focus on reducing acid production, enhancing mucosal protection, and eradicating H. pylori. While advances in medical therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes, the management of ulcers, particularly those induced by NSAIDs, continues to be challenging. This review discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for peptic ulcers, emphasizing current therapeutic strategies and complications associated with treatment.