“Vitiligo” is a chronic autoimmune cutaneous condition that are defined by a slow degradation of melanocytes, causing skin depigmentation in certain areas. Despite its frequency the one that actual the reason behind vitiligo is unknown, with a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and immunological variables. This review focuses into the current understanding of vitiligo, concentrating on its pathophysiology, hereditary predisposition, and immune system involvement. Furthermore, we study the disease psychological effects, as well as developing treatment alternatives such as immunomodulators, phototherapy, and innovative regenerative therapies aimed at repigmentation. Recent advances in research have provided fresh insights into targeted therapeutics, yet there are still hurdles in fully understanding the reasons and developing successful long-term treatments. This article tries to consolidate recent results to improve our understanding of vitiligo and guide future study. This article seeks to integrate recent discoveries in order to increase our knowledge about vitiligo and guide future research and therapeutic management techniques.